Asset Management in Banks!
Understanding Nature of Assets:
Resources owned and controlled by a business
Assets are used to run a business
Assets are the sources of revenue
Some assets are simply financial contracts
Some assets are subject to depreciation
Some assets are subject to appreciation
Understanding Asset of a Bank:
Cash
Balance with other Banks & FIs
Money at Call and Short Notice
Investments
Loans and Advances
Fixed Assets
Other Assets
Non-banking Assets
Grouping of Asset for Management
Asset Group Based on Earning
Zero-Earning Assets
Low-Earning Assets
High-Earning Assets
Asset Group Based on Liquidity
Liquid Assets
Semi-Liquid
Illiquid Assets
Zero-Earning Asset
Cash
Fixed Assets
Other Assets
Non-banking Assets
Management of Non-Earning Asset
Comply regulatory requirement
Neither excess nor insufficient liquidity
Rethink about purchase or lease of fixed asset
Consider tax implications of fixed asset decision
Hold as minimum as possible
Low-Earning Asset
Balance with other Banks & FIs
Money at Call and Short Notice
Investments
Management of Low-Earning Asset
Consider Liquidity Management Strategy
+ Asset conversion strategy
+ Borrowed Liquidity Strategy
+ Balanced Liquidity Strategy
Hold neither excess nor insufficient liquidity
Comply regulatory requirement
Consider tax implications
High-Earning Asset
Loans
Advances
Management of High-Earning Asset
Plan for a diversified earning asset portfolio
Create and maintain asset quality
Hold as high as possible
Manage Related Risk
Manage NPA
Managing Asset Portfolio
Review Regulatory Environment
Consider Government Priority
Ensure Diversification
Consider Term-Structure Liability
Managing Asset Portfolio
Create and Maintain Asset Quality
Maximize the volume within legal requirement
Offer best quality service at a competitive price
Offer quality support services
Ensure Proper Risk Management
worldbanks.news
Types of Credit Risk
+Credit Risk
+Standalone.
+ Portfolio
+ Default
+ Downgrade
+ Concentration
+ Systematic
Causes of Standalone Credit Risk
- Improper or weak need assessment
- Wrong structuring
- Insufficient cash flow generation
- Failure to understand forex risk
- Name lending ignoring fundamentals
- Lack of monitoring of approval condition
- Lack of proper succession
- Insufficient security and guarantee
- Incomplete documentation
- Undermining the importance of interbank deposits and OBSA
- Poor Governance (corruption, failure to stand in pressure, related party transaction)
Causes of Portfolio Credit Risk
- Credit concentration
- Economic downturn
- Absence of in-depth portfolio review (Structure, Quality, Security, Guarantee, delinquent performance, monitoring, provision)
Credit Risk Management
- Traditional Approach to CRM
- New Approaches
Traditional Approaches to CRM
- Formulation of lending guideline and implementation
- Selection of Good Borrower by improving credit Appraisal standard
- Segregation of Duties in Lending Functions
- Diversification of Credit Portfolio
- Asset classification
-
- Formulation of lending guideline and implementation
- Selection of Good Borrower by improving credit Appraisal standard
- Segregation of Duties in Lending Functions
- Diversification of Credit Portfolio
- Asset classification
- Provision for known expected losses
- Capitalization for unknown losses
- Mitigation of risk by taking collateral and guarantee, insurance
- Portfolio monitoring/ review/ workout
Limitations of Traditional Approaches
- Information asymmetry and adverse selection
- Credit limit should be tied up with capital. What is the prudent limit?
- Diversification should not come at the cost specialization
- Provision is a curative way of handling credit risk
Modern Approaches of CRM
- Credit Derivatives
- Credit Swap
- Total Return swap
- Loan portfolio swap
- Credit options
- Securitization
- Factoring
- Loan sales
Management of NPA
- Non-legal Measures
- Legal Measures
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국외선물은 해외에서 거래되는 파생금융상품 중 하나로, 특정 기초자산(예시: 주식, 화폐, 상품 등)을 바탕로 한 옵션 계약을 의미합니다. 본질적으로 옵션은 지정된 기초자산을 향후의 특정한 시기에 일정 금액에 매수하거나 팔 수 있는 권리를 제공합니다. 외국선물옵션은 이러한 옵션 계약이 외국 시장에서 거래되는 것을 지칭합니다.
외국선물은 크게 매수 옵션과 매도 옵션으로 나뉩니다. 매수 옵션은 명시된 기초자산을 미래에 정해진 금액에 사는 권리를 부여하는 반면, 매도 옵션은 명시된 기초자산을 미래에 일정 금액에 매도할 수 있는 권리를 허락합니다.
옵션 계약에서는 미래의 특정 일자에 (만기일이라 불리는) 정해진 금액에 기초자산을 매수하거나 매도할 수 있는 권리를 보유하고 있습니다. 이러한 가격을 행사 금액이라고 하며, 만기일에는 해당 권리를 행사할지 여부를 결정할 수 있습니다. 따라서 옵션 계약은 투자자에게 향후의 시세 변화에 대한 보호나 수익 창출의 기회를 부여합니다.
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국외선물 거래의 원리
실행 금액(Exercise Price): 외국선물에서 행사 금액은 옵션 계약에 따라 지정된 금액으로 약정됩니다. 만료일에 이 금액을 기준으로 옵션을 행사할 수 있습니다.
만료일(Expiration Date): 옵션 계약의 만기일은 옵션의 행사가 불가능한 최종 날짜를 지칭합니다. 이 날짜 다음에는 옵션 계약이 종료되며, 더 이상 거래할 수 없습니다.
매도 옵션(Put Option)과 매수 옵션(Call Option): 풋 옵션은 기초자산을 명시된 가격에 매도할 수 있는 권리를 부여하며, 콜 옵션은 기초자산을 지정된 금액에 사는 권리를 허락합니다.
계약료(Premium): 해외선물 거래에서는 옵션 계약에 대한 계약료을 납부해야 합니다. 이는 옵션 계약에 대한 가격으로, 시장에서의 수요와 공급에 따라 변화됩니다.
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TRONSCAN — To check TRON-based USDT payment data.
Chain Analysis and Elliptic — Employed by exchanges to confirm Anti-Money Laundering adherence and monitor unlawful operations.
Final Thoughts
Making sure secure and legal TRON-based USDT payments is crucial. Platforms like TRX Explorer and Anti-Money Laundering tools help guard traders from interacting with illicit funds, promoting a protected and regulated cryptocurrency space.
九州娛樂
THA娛樂城與九州娛樂簡介
THA娛樂城是九州娛樂旗下的一個知名線上娛樂平台，致力於為玩家提供多元化且優質的娛樂服務。九州娛樂是亞洲地區領先的線上娛樂品牌，長期專注於打造穩定、公平且充滿樂趣的遊戲環境，旗下擁有多個知名娛樂平台，而THA娛樂城便是其中的一個旗艦產品。以下將詳細介紹THA娛樂城的特色與服務。
THA娛樂城的遊戲種類
THA娛樂城為玩家提供了多樣化的遊戲選擇，滿足不同玩家的需求與興趣，包括以下幾大類別：
1. 體育投注
體育迷可以在THA娛樂城享受豐富的體育賽事投注，涵蓋足球、籃球、網球等多項國際體育比賽。平台提供即時賠率和多種投注選項，讓玩家隨時掌握比賽動態並進行下注。
2. 真人娛樂
真人娛樂區提供即時互動的遊戲體驗，玩家可透過直播技術與真人荷官互動，遊玩如百家樂、輪盤、骰寶等經典遊戲。這不僅增添了真實感，更讓玩家有身臨其境的感受。
3. 電子老虎機
THA娛樂城匯集了多款高人氣的電子老虎機遊戲，從經典水果機到新潮主題機，皆配備精美的畫面與流暢的操作介面，為玩家帶來無限樂趣。
4. 捕魚遊戲
捕魚遊戲是許多玩家的最愛，THA娛樂城提供多種精美場景和豐富玩法的捕魚遊戲，玩家可以挑戰高額獎勵，享受射擊與策略結合的獨特樂趣。
5. 彩票與其他遊戲
除了以上幾類，平台還提供彩票遊戲及其他創新型娛樂遊戲，適合喜歡嘗試新鮮玩法的玩家。
九州娛樂的技術支持
作為THA娛樂城的母公司，九州娛樂以其強大的技術實力與嚴謹的管理體系為平台提供支持。九州娛樂採用國際領先的安全加密技術，確保玩家的個人資訊與交易數據得到妥善保護。此外，平台的遊戲結果皆經過嚴格的隨機性測試與第三方機構認證，保證公平公正。
優質的會員服務
THA娛樂城致力於打造一個高品質的會員體驗，其服務特色包括：
– 優惠活動
平台定期推出多種促銷活動，如新會員註冊禮金、存款返利、週週回饋等，讓玩家享受更多的遊戲資金。
– 快速出入金
平台提供便捷且快速的存提款服務，玩家可以安心進行資金操作，且無需擔心延遲問題。
– 24小時客戶服務
為了確保玩家的需求能即時被解決，THA娛樂城提供全年無休的客服支援，無論是遊戲問題還是技術諮詢，客服團隊都能快速回應。
與其他平台的區別
THA娛樂城之所以能在眾多線上娛樂平台中脫穎而出，不僅因其豐富的遊戲種類與高品質服務，更在於它所帶來的獨特價值：
1. 品牌信譽
作為九州娛樂旗下的品牌，THA娛樂城擁有長期積累的良好信譽，是許多玩家的首選。
2. 創新與多樣性
平台不斷推出新遊戲與創意玩法，讓玩家始終保持新鮮感。
3. 本地化服務
THA娛樂城深諳玩家需求，提供多語言支援與符合本地習慣的服務，提升玩家的使用便利性。
未來展望
隨著線上娛樂行業的快速發展，THA娛樂城也在持續進步與創新，力求為玩家帶來更多驚喜。無論是透過引進新的遊戲技術、擴展遊戲種類，還是改善服務品質，THA娛樂城都希望成為每位玩家的最佳娛樂夥伴。
總結來說，THA娛樂城憑藉其豐富的遊戲內容、可靠的技術支持以及優質的會員服務，已在亞洲娛樂市場佔有一席之地。如果您正在尋找一個結合刺激與信賴的娛樂平台，那麼THA娛樂城絕對值得一試。